01
Set a comparison frame
Name the dimensions that matter before evaluating the sources.
- Define the question and decision.
- Choose a common time period or scope.
- Separate primary evidence from commentary.
Source comparison
Compare sources without flattening the differences.
Bring evidence together, see where sources align or diverge, and keep uncertainty visible in the final synthesis.
Comparison guide
02
Read across the evidence
Agreement can be useful, but disagreement often carries the most information.
- Identify shared claims.
- Surface contradictory findings.
- Note different methods, definitions, and incentives.
03
Synthesize carefully
The comparison should preserve the shape of the evidence.
- State what is supported.
- Label what remains uncertain.
- Link findings back to inspectable sources.